Title: colorblindness
Specific topic : to give information of how do they see and why do they have it
Introduction :
One day a girl who loves to draw , she had a picture in her mind and was so excited and enthusiastic to draw it . she brought all her talent and started with all anxiousness . when she was done she showed it to her friends all of them after they saw it they burst laughing at it , though it was amazing and interesting . the girl was frustrated and let down . After she knew what was wrong from a girl was laughing and saying “ oh my god I’ve never seen a violet sea before , a green sun and a brown flower “ and continued laughing . But they didn’t know that this poor girl is colorblind and can’t see what they can see .
(French Philosopher, Henri Bergson quote that “The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.” Though as what martin luther says Seeing is not always believing. And others think that “The eyes are the mirror of the soul” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia defines Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the decreased ability to perceive differences between some of the colors that others can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but may also occur because of some eye, nerve, or brain damage, or exposure to certain chemicals.
Preview: I will tell you and explain about this kind of genetic disorder and :-
I will tell you:-
1- The eyes vision background
2- : Types of colorblindness
3- Show you by image how do they see
4- Why are they Colorblind?
5- Are only human have colorblindness
Transition : first lets have some background about eyes vision and how it works to specify colors.
BODY:
Cones and Color
To understand what causes color blindness, you need to know about the cones in your eyes. Cones in your eyes? Yes, but they're very small. These cones are cells on your retina, an area the size of a postage stamp that's at the back of your eye.
You have "red," "blue," and "green" cones, which are sensitive to those colors and combinations of them. You need all three types to see colors properly. When your cones don't work properly, or you don't have the right combination, your brain doesn't get the right message about which colors you're seeing. To someone who's color-blind, a green leaf might look tan or gray.
Main point 2: Types of colorblindness
Transition : Defective color vision can be either inherited or acquired.
How could it be acquired :-
Chronic illnesses which can lead to colour blindness include Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, leukaemia, liver disease, chronic alcoholism, macular degeneration, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, sickle cell anaemia and retinitis pigmentosa.
Accidents or strokes that damage the retina or affect particular areas of the brain/eye can lead to colour blindness.
Medications such as antibiotics, barbiturates, anti-tuberculosis drugs, high blood pressure medications and several medications to treat nervous disorders may cause colour blindness.
Industrial or environmental chemicals such as carbon monoxide, carbon disulphide and some containing lead can also cause colour blindness.
Age – in people over 60 years of age physical changes can occur which might affect a person’s capacity to see colours
Inherited : There are deficiencies: monochromacy, dichromacy, and anomalous trichromacy.
· Monochromatism: Either no cones available or just one type of them.
· Dichromatism: Only two different cone types, the third one is missing completely.
· Anomalous trichromatism: All three types but with shifted peaks of sensitivity for one of them. This results in a smaller color spectrum.
1. Monochromacy:-
Specific topic : to give information of how do they see and why do they have it
Introduction :
One day a girl who loves to draw , she had a picture in her mind and was so excited and enthusiastic to draw it . she brought all her talent and started with all anxiousness . when she was done she showed it to her friends all of them after they saw it they burst laughing at it , though it was amazing and interesting . the girl was frustrated and let down . After she knew what was wrong from a girl was laughing and saying “ oh my god I’ve never seen a violet sea before , a green sun and a brown flower “ and continued laughing . But they didn’t know that this poor girl is colorblind and can’t see what they can see .
(French Philosopher, Henri Bergson quote that “The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.” Though as what martin luther says Seeing is not always believing. And others think that “The eyes are the mirror of the soul” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia defines Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the decreased ability to perceive differences between some of the colors that others can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but may also occur because of some eye, nerve, or brain damage, or exposure to certain chemicals.
Preview: I will tell you and explain about this kind of genetic disorder and :-
I will tell you:-
1- The eyes vision background
2- : Types of colorblindness
3- Show you by image how do they see
4- Why are they Colorblind?
5- Are only human have colorblindness
Transition : first lets have some background about eyes vision and how it works to specify colors.
BODY:
Cones and Color
To understand what causes color blindness, you need to know about the cones in your eyes. Cones in your eyes? Yes, but they're very small. These cones are cells on your retina, an area the size of a postage stamp that's at the back of your eye.
You have "red," "blue," and "green" cones, which are sensitive to those colors and combinations of them. You need all three types to see colors properly. When your cones don't work properly, or you don't have the right combination, your brain doesn't get the right message about which colors you're seeing. To someone who's color-blind, a green leaf might look tan or gray.
Main point 2: Types of colorblindness
Transition : Defective color vision can be either inherited or acquired.
How could it be acquired :-
Chronic illnesses which can lead to colour blindness include Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, leukaemia, liver disease, chronic alcoholism, macular degeneration, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, sickle cell anaemia and retinitis pigmentosa.
Accidents or strokes that damage the retina or affect particular areas of the brain/eye can lead to colour blindness.
Medications such as antibiotics, barbiturates, anti-tuberculosis drugs, high blood pressure medications and several medications to treat nervous disorders may cause colour blindness.
Industrial or environmental chemicals such as carbon monoxide, carbon disulphide and some containing lead can also cause colour blindness.
Age – in people over 60 years of age physical changes can occur which might affect a person’s capacity to see colours
Inherited : There are deficiencies: monochromacy, dichromacy, and anomalous trichromacy.
· Monochromatism: Either no cones available or just one type of them.
· Dichromatism: Only two different cone types, the third one is missing completely.
· Anomalous trichromatism: All three types but with shifted peaks of sensitivity for one of them. This results in a smaller color spectrum.
1. Monochromacy:-
Monochromats possess a complete inability to distinguish any colors and perceive only variations in brightness
· so that in addition to the absence of color discrimination, vision in lights of normal intensity is difficult. While normally rare, achromatopsia is very common on the island of Pingelap, a part of the Pohnpei state, Federated States of Micronesia, where it is called maskun: about 10% of the population there has it, and 30% are unaffected carriers. The island was devastated by a storm in the 18th century, and one of the few male survivors carried a gene for achromatopsia; the population is now several thousand.
Dichromats and anomalous trichromats exist again in three different types according to the missing cone or in the latter case of its malfunctioning.
· Tritanopia/Tritanomaly: Missing/malfunctioning S-cone (blue).
· Deuteranopia/Deuteranomaly: Missing/malfunctioning M-cone (green).
· Protanopia/Protanomaly: Missing/malfunctioning L-cone (red).
2. dichromacy
Protanopes, deuteranopes, and tritanopes are dichromats; that is, they can match any color they see with some mixture of just two spectral lights (whereas normally humans are trichromats and require three lights).
Protanopes and deuteranopes see no perceptible difference between red, orange, yellow, and green. All these colors, that seem so different to the normal viewer, appear to be the same color for this two percent of the population
5%-8% of men and 0.5% of women are colorblind
Main point: Did you ever wonder how it looks like to be colorblind? It is not easy at all to describe color blindness in words. But it is much easier to show it on an image.
Transition: Now I can let you see how do they see and I will show you a test to identify each type :
Test for Protanopia[Note 1]
This image contains the number 37, but someone who is protanopic may not be able to see it.
Test for Deuteranopia[Note 1]
This image shows a number 49, but someone who is deuteranopic may not be able to see it.
· so that in addition to the absence of color discrimination, vision in lights of normal intensity is difficult. While normally rare, achromatopsia is very common on the island of Pingelap, a part of the Pohnpei state, Federated States of Micronesia, where it is called maskun: about 10% of the population there has it, and 30% are unaffected carriers. The island was devastated by a storm in the 18th century, and one of the few male survivors carried a gene for achromatopsia; the population is now several thousand.
Dichromats and anomalous trichromats exist again in three different types according to the missing cone or in the latter case of its malfunctioning.
· Tritanopia/Tritanomaly: Missing/malfunctioning S-cone (blue).
· Deuteranopia/Deuteranomaly: Missing/malfunctioning M-cone (green).
· Protanopia/Protanomaly: Missing/malfunctioning L-cone (red).
2. dichromacy
Protanopes, deuteranopes, and tritanopes are dichromats; that is, they can match any color they see with some mixture of just two spectral lights (whereas normally humans are trichromats and require three lights).
Protanopes and deuteranopes see no perceptible difference between red, orange, yellow, and green. All these colors, that seem so different to the normal viewer, appear to be the same color for this two percent of the population
5%-8% of men and 0.5% of women are colorblind
Main point: Did you ever wonder how it looks like to be colorblind? It is not easy at all to describe color blindness in words. But it is much easier to show it on an image.
Transition: Now I can let you see how do they see and I will show you a test to identify each type :
Test for Protanopia[Note 1]
This image contains the number 37, but someone who is protanopic may not be able to see it.
Test for Deuteranopia[Note 1]
This image shows a number 49, but someone who is deuteranopic may not be able to see it.
Tritanopes: inability to see the color blue or to distinguish the colors blue and yellow.
Test for Tritanopia[Note 1]
This image shows the number 56, but someone who is tritanopic may not be able to see it
"Why Are You ColorBlind?"
The commonest forms of congenital defective color vision, the red-green deficiencies, are due to "sex-linked X chromosomes" and "simple recessive hereditary traits". Men are mainly affected because women have two X chromosomes and men have only one X and a Y chromosome. If a man's one X chromosome is color defective he will be color deficient, where as , a woman must inherit two color defective X chromosomes to be color deficient. For a woman to be color deficient, her father must be colorblind and her mother colorblind or be a carrier. All possible patterns of inheritance of any one of these color defects are shown here:
Main point : are only human have colorblindness
Transition :Finally , I would like to surprise with some information .
Are Bulls Angered by the Color Red?
Waving any colored flag in front of a bull is likely to make it mad!
No they aren’t… I think you’ll find they just hate having a little Spanish guy waving a flag in their face! But seriously, all cows are red green color blind – they cannot differentiate the color of the flag. It is actually the motion of the material that angers the bull and causes it to want to charge. The concept of bulls being angered by the color red stems from bullfighting where a red flag is used. So next time you’re participating in the running of the bulls in Pamplona Spain, don’t stress if you lost your red flag – anything will do!
Are Cats, Dogs & Bulls Color Blind?
All mammals are color blind, but do see more than just black & white.
Like most mammals, it has long been assumed that cats and dogs are all color blind and can only see in black and white. Recent studies have found this to be untrue; Cats, dogs, bulls, and many other mammals can see in color. Comparative to the human eye, other mammals do however see color in a different and more limited fashion. However, on the upside for our color blind buddies, they have a reflective surface behind the retina which greatly increases their night vision.
Conclusion :
Colorblind is not very serious problem , actually Most color impaired can see all colors. however , some colors they can’t see it as normal people and Very few color blind people can only see in black in white (less than 1%). Colorblind is most often of genetic nature, but might also occur because of eye, nerve or brain damage or due to use of some chemical substances. And to proof it is not serious problem , most artist and scientist has it such Emerson Moser, who was Crayola's senior crayon maker revealed upon his retirement that he was blue-green colorblind and could not see all the colors.
